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\nA pandemic is a global disease outbreak. A flu pandemic occurs when a new influenza virus emerges for which people have little or no immunity, and for which there is no vaccine. The disease spreads easily person-to-person, causes serious illness, and can sweep across the country and around the world in a very short time.
\nInfluenza pandemics occurred three times in the past century; in 1918-19, 1957-58, and 1968-69. Many scientists believe it is a matter of time until the next influenza pandemic occurs. However, the timing and severity of the next pandemic cannot be predicted.
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\nAn especially severe influenza pandemic could lead to high levels of illness, death, social disruption, and economic loss. This means that virtually everyone is at risk for illness and disruption in daily life since so many people in so many places become seriously ill at the same time. Impacts can range from school and business closings to the interruption of basic services such as public transportation and food delivery.
\nAlthough scientists cannot predict the specific consequences of an influenza pandemic, it is likely that many age groups would be seriously affected. The greatest risk of hospitalization and death\u2014as seen during the last two pandemics in 1957 and 1968 and during annual influenza\u2014will be infants, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. However, in the 1918 pandemic, most deaths occurred in young adults. Few if any people would have immunity to the virus.
\nDuring a pandemic outbreak, a substantial percentage of the world's population will require some form of medical care. Health care facilities can be overwhelmed, creating a shortage of hospital staff, beds, ventilators and other supplies. The need for vaccine is likely to outstrip supply and the supply of antiviral drugs is also likely to be inadequate early in a pandemic. Difficult decisions will need to be made regarding who gets antiviral drugs and vaccines.
\nThe effects of a pandemic can be lessened if preparations are made ahead of time. Planning and preparation checklists are being prepared for various sectors of society, including information for individuals and families.
\nIndividuals should also practice good health habits, including eating a balanced diet, exercising daily, and getting sufficient rest to ensure optimal health. In addition, individuals should wash hands frequently with soap and water; cover coughs and sneezes with tissues; stay away from others as much as possible when sick.
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