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\nInactivated Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (manufactured as IXIARO) is the only JE vaccine licensed and available in the United States. This vaccine was approved in March 2009 for use in people aged 17 years and older and in May 2013 for use in children 2 months through 16 years of age. Other JE vaccines are manufactured and used in other countries but are not licensed for use in the United States.
\nIXIARO is given as a two-dose series, with the doses spaced 28 days apart. Adults aged 18\u201365 years can get the second dose as early as 7 days after the first dose. The last dose should be given at least 1 week before travel. A booster dose (third dose) should be given if a person has received the two-dose primary vaccination series one year or more previously and there is a continued risk for JE virus infection or potential for reexposure.
\nFor adults and children aged 3 years or older, each dose of IXIARO is 0.5 mL. For children aged 2 months through 2 years, each dose is 0.25 mL.
\nMore information about JE vaccine can be found in the Vaccine Information Statement for IXIARO Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Cdc-pd [PDF \u2013 2 pages] and in the IXIARO product information available at the FDA IXIARO web page.
\nJE is a very low risk disease for most travelers to JE-endemic countries. However, some travelers will be at increased risk of infection based on factors including longer periods of travel, travel during the JE virus transmission season, spending time in rural areas, participating in a lot of outdoor activities, and staying in accommodations without air conditioning, screens, or bed nets.
\nAll travelers to JE-endemic countries should take steps to avoid mosquito bites, and discuss the need for vaccination with their healthcare provider. The discussion should include the risks related to the specific travel itinerary, the likelihood of future travel to countries where JE occurs, the possible severe outcomes of JE disease, and information about the vaccine including cost and possible side effects.
\nJE vaccine is recommended for persons moving to a JE-endemic country to live, longer-term (e.g., 1 month or longer) travelers, and frequent travelers to JE-endemic areas. JE vaccine also should be considered for shorter-term (e.g., less than 1 month) travelers with an increased risk of JE based on planned travel duration, season, location, activities, and accommodations. Vaccination also should be considered for travelers to endemic areas who are uncertain of specific duration of travel, destinations, or activities.
\nJE vaccine is not recommended for travelers with very low risk itineraries, such as shorter-term travel limited to urban areas or travel that occurs outside of a well-defined JE virus transmission season.
\nHealthcare providers may use CDC\u2019s decision tree [PDF \u2013 39 KB] to help determine when Japanese encephalitis vaccination for travelers is appropriate.
\nReactions to IXIARO are generally mild and include pain and tenderness, mild headaches, myalgia (muscle aches), and low-grade fevers.
\nHealthcare providers are encouraged to report all adverse events that might be caused by vaccination to the CDC/FDA Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) by one of the following methods:
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