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Developmental Disability Basics

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What to know

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  • Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas.
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  • These conditions begin during the child's developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a person's lifetime.
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  • Most developmental disabilities begin before a baby is born, but some can happen after birth because of injury, infection, or other factors.
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Causes and risk factors

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Most developmental disabilities are thought to be caused by a complex mix of factors. These factors include genetics; parental health and behaviors (such as smoking and drinking) during pregnancy; complications during birth; infections the mother might have during pregnancy or the baby might have very early in life; and exposure of the mother or child to high levels of environmental toxins, such as lead. For some developmental disabilities, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which is caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy, we know the cause. But for most, we don\u2019t.

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Following are some examples of what we know about specific developmental disabilities:

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  • At least 25% of hearing loss among babies is due to maternal infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection; complications after birth; and head trauma.
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  • Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability include fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; genetic and chromosomal conditions, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome; and certain infections during pregnancy.
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  • Children who have a sibling with autism spectrum disorder are at a higher risk of also having autism spectrum disorder.
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  • Low birthweight, premature birth, multiple birth, and infections during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for many developmental disabilities.
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  • Untreated newborn jaundice (high levels of bilirubin in the blood during the first few days after birth) can cause a type of brain damage known as kernicterus. Children with kernicterus are more likely to have cerebral palsy, hearing and vision problems, and problems with their teeth. Early detection and treatment of newborn jaundice can prevent kernicterus.
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The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is a multiyear study funded by CDC. It is currently the largest study in the United States to help identify factors that may put children at risk for autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities.

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\n Keep Reading \n Learn More About SEED \n
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Who is affected

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Developmental disabilities occur among all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Recent estimates in the United States show that about 1 in 6, or about 17%, of children aged 3 through 17 years have one or more developmental disabilities, such as

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For more than a decade, CDC\u2019s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network has been tracking the number and characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability in several diverse communities throughout the United States.

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\n Keep Reading \n CDC's Tracking Method for Autism Spectrum Disorder \n
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\n Keep Reading \n CDC's Tracking Method for Cerebral Palsy \n
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Healthy living for people with disabilities

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Children and adults with disabilities need health care and health programs for the same reasons anyone else does\u2014to stay well, active, and a part of the community.

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Having a disability does not mean a person is not healthy or that he or she cannot be healthy. Being healthy means the same thing for all of us\u2014getting and staying well so we can lead full, active lives. That includes having the tools and information to make healthy choices and knowing how to prevent illness. Some health conditions, such as asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, eczema and skin allergies, and migraine headaches, have been found to be more common among children with developmental disabilities. Thus, it is especially important for children with developmental disabilities to see a health care provider regularly.

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\n Keep Reading \n Learn More About Healthy Living \n
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CDC does not study education or treatment programs for people with developmental disabilities, nor does it provide direct services to people with developmental disabilities or to their families. However, CDC has put together a list of resources for people affected by developmental disabilities.

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\n Keep Reading \n Resources for Child Development \n
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Don't Wait!

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\n Act early on developmental concerns to make a real difference for your child and you! If you're concerned about your child's development, don't wait. You know your child best. \n \n
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\n National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities \n
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  1. Zablotsky B, Black LI, Maenner MJ, et.al. Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the US: 2009\u20132017. Pediatrics. 2019; 144(4):e20190811.
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Syndicated Content Details:
Source URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/features/birthdefects-dd-keyfindings.html
Source Agency: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Captured Date: 2016-05-23 22:35:48.0
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